| City: | Williamsburg, Virginia |
| Names to Avoid: | Wlmg |
| Counties: | James City County [Primary] York County Williamsburg City County |
| Timezone: | Eastern (GMT -05:00) |
| Local Time: | 12:54:17 AM |
| Population: | 45,438 [See All] |
| Area Codes: | 757 / 948 |
| Classification: | Standard [Normal Street Delivery] |
| Coordinates: | 37.3582, -76.7419 |
| Land Area: | 97.259 sq mi |
| Quick Link: |
ZIP Code 23188 has 45,438 residents and 18,805 households (average 2.38 persons per household). The median age is 49.0 years, significantly older than the state (38.7) and significantly older than the nation (38.8). The gender split is 47.4% male and 52.6% female, which is slightly lower than the national male share (49.1%), making this a female-majority area. Largest groups are White (73.5%, much higher than the state average of 60.3% and well above the national average of 61.6%) and Black or African American (13.1%, lower than the state average of 18.6%); Hispanic or Latino residents make up 5.9%, which is much lower than the national average (18.7%).
Explore More: Population Over Time By Age & Gender By Race By Gender Nativity & Citizenship
| 2020 Population: | 45,438Source: Census DHC |
| 2023 ACS Population Estimate: | 45,342Source: Census ACS |
| 2025 ZC Population Estimate: | 52,300Source: ZIP-Codes.com |
| Population Density: | 467.2 people per sq mile |
| Average Income: | $101,088Source: Census ACS |
| Households: | 18,805Source: Census DHC |
| Average House Value: | $409,100Source: Census ACS |
| Persons Per Household: | 2.38Source: Census DHC |
| Average Family Size: | 2.75Source: Census ACS |
| Group | 2010 | 2011 | 2102 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Census ACS Population Estimate | -- | 37,748 | 39,005 | 39,235 | 40,557 | 40,742 | 41,415 | 42,072 | 43,687 | 44,499 | 44,561 | 43,847 | 44,465 | 45,342 |
| Decennial Census | 38,733 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 45,438 | -- | -- | -- |
Median Age: 49
Male Median Age: 47.2
Female Median Age: 50.4
| Group | < 5 | 5-9 | 10-14 | 15-19 | 20-24 | 25-29 | 30-34 | 35-39 | 40-44 | 45-49 | 50-54 | 55-59 | 60-64 | 65-69 | 70-74 | 75-79 | 80-84 | 85+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 943 | 1,162 | 1,358 | 1,258 | 1,151 | 1,097 | 1,068 | 1,144 | 1,110 | 1,127 | 1,287 | 1,474 | 1,378 | 1,487 | 1,747 | 1,248 | 841 | 635 |
| Female | 971 | 1,120 | 1,254 | 1,247 | 1,077 | 1,102 | 1,216 | 1,347 | 1,189 | 1,323 | 1,495 | 1,645 | 1,767 | 1,924 | 2,018 | 1,458 | 893 | 877 |
| Total | 1,914 | 2,282 | 2,612 | 2,505 | 2,228 | 2,199 | 2,284 | 2,491 | 2,299 | 2,450 | 2,782 | 3,119 | 3,145 | 3,411 | 3,765 | 2,706 | 1,734 | 1,512 |
| White: | 33,377 | 74.70% |
| Black: | 5,953 | 13.32% |
| Hispanic:* | 2,694 | 6.03% |
| Asian: | 1,551 | 3.47% |
| American Indian: | 121 | 0.27% |
| Hawaiian: | 33 | 0.07% |
| Other: | 954 | 2.14% |
| Total: | 44,683 | 100% |
| Gender | Count | % | Median Age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Males: | 21,515 | 47.35% | 47.2 years |
| Females: | 23,923 | 52.65% | 50.4 years |
| Total: | 45,438 | 100% | 49.0 years |
| Native, born in the United States: | 41,207 | 90.88% |
| Native, born in PR, Island Areas, or abroad: | 1,014 | 2.24% |
| Foreign born, naturalized U.S. citizen: | 2,267 | 5.00% |
| Foreign born, not a U.S. citizen: | 854 | 6.88% |
| Total Population: | 45,342 | 100% |
| Total Native Population: | 42,221 | 93.12% |
| Total Foreign-born Population: | 3,121 | 6.88% |
In 2023, the Median household income is $101,088, which is far above the national median ($78,538), is up $28,326 (38.9%) since 2011 and above its 2019 pre-pandemic level by $15,189. Family households earn a median of $121,224 versus $58,076 for nonfamily households (a difference of $63,148). By gender, male median income is $69,037 and female is $56,910, which is well above the national female median ($53,445), with a current gap of $12,127 that has narrowed from 2011 to 2023. The labor-force participation rate is 55.5%, which is considerably lower than the state rate (65.6%). The unemployment rate is 3.8%, which is generally lower than the national rate (5.2%). The largest occupation group is Management (46.4%).
Explore More: Income Over Time Household Income Employment Status By Occupation
| Income Type | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Household Income | $72,762 | $70,867 | $72,070 | $71,722 | $70,000 | $76,001 | $76,460 | $79,505 | $85,899 | $88,938 | $91,911 | $96,821 | $101,088 |
| Median Family Income | $84,842 | $84,644 | $88,003 | $88,060 | $89,765 | $93,725 | $95,155 | $96,786 | $101,810 | $105,712 | $109,732 | $115,583 | $121,224 |
| Median NonFamily Income | $46,000 | $46,054 | $44,935 | $43,064 | $41,408 | $42,279 | $42,238 | $44,379 | $45,089 | $46,210 | $52,396 | $56,884 | $58,076 |
| Median Male Income | $60,841 | $60,355 | $63,164 | $60,308 | $59,163 | $60,621 | $63,537 | $62,988 | $67,829 | $67,446 | $65,984 | $64,461 | $69,037 |
| Median Female Income | $41,073 | $41,985 | $42,425 | $42,402 | $42,167 | $40,349 | $37,859 | $41,468 | $42,295 | $43,958 | $48,839 | $53,945 | $56,910 |
| Employed: | 19,352 | 51.93% |
| Unemployed: | 794 | 2.13% |
| Not In Labor Force: | 17,121 | 45.94% |
| Total: | 37,267 | 100% |
| Management, business, science, and arts: | 8,988 | 46.44% |
| Service: | 3,261 | 16.85% |
| Sales and Office: | 4,367 | 22.57% |
| Natural resources, construction, and maintenance: | 1,383 | 7.15% |
| Production, transportation, and material moving: | 1,353 | 6.99% |
| Total Civilian Employed Population: | 19,352 | 100% |
In 2023, the median home value is $409,100, which is much higher than the national median ($303,400), is up $69,500 (20.47%) since 2011 and above its 2019 pre-pandemic level by $77,800. The median gross rent is $1,541, which is considerably higher than the national median ($1,348), is up $379 (32.62%) since 2011 and above its 2019 pre-pandemic level by $207. Of occupied housing, owners make up 74.58% (66.10% with a mortgage, 33.90% free-and-clear) and renters 25.42% - making this ZIP Code more home ownership than the state and under national rental averages. The vacancy rate is 8.15%, which is markedly below the national rate (10.43%).
Explore More: Compare Home Value Home Value Over Time Rent & Over Time Housing Occupancy
| Group | 2011 | 2102 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Home Value | $339,600 | $325,700 | $319,200 | $312,100 | $304,800 | $306,600 | $312,400 | $323,900 | $331,300 | $336,200 | $346,700 | $394,800 | $409,100 |
| Less than $500: | 255 | 5.41% |
| $500 to $999: | 495 | 10.50% |
| $1,000 to $1,499: | 1,424 | 30.20% |
| $1,500 to $1,999: | 1,099 | 23.31% |
| $2,000 to $2,499: | 780 | 16.54% |
| $2,500 to $2,999: | 155 | 3.29% |
| $3,000 or more: | 320 | 6.79% |
| No Rent: | 187 | 3.97% |
| Total: | 4,715 | 100% |
| Group | 2011 | 2102 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Rent | $1,162 | $1,168 | $1,169 | $1,184 | $1,192 | $1,262 | $1,224 | $1,281 | $1,334 | $1,292 | $1,316 | $1,480 | $1,541 |
| Owner Occupied (with mortgage): | 9,144 | 49.30% |
| Owner Occupied (free and clear, no mortgage): | 4,690 | 25.28% |
| Renter Occupied: | 4,715 | 25.42% |
| Total Occupied Housing Units: | 18,549 | 100% |
| Occupied Housing Units: | 18,549 | 91.85% |
| Vacant Housing Units (not graphed): | 1,645 | 8.15% |
| Total Housing Units: | 20,194 | 100% |
| Single-Family Units: | 15,845 | 78.46% |
| Multi-Family Units: | 4,193 | 20.76% |
| Other Units: | 156 | 0.77% |
| Total Housing Units: | 20,194 | 100% |
In 2023, 49.80% of adults (25+) have a bachelor's degree or higher, which is far higher than the national rate (35.00%), well above both the state and national averages. High school or higher is 95.80%, which is far higher than the national rate (89.40%). The uninsured rate is 3.40%, which is far lower than the national rate (8.60%). Public coverage is 41.00%, which is notably higher than the state rate (32.60%). The share of people in poverty is 4.30%, which is far lower than the national rate (8.70%), up 0.80 percentage points since 2011 and below its 2019 pre-pandemic level by 0.80 percentage points. This points to rising hardship - a weaker consumer base, greater strain on public services, and job-market headwinds. Among residents ages 3+, the largest enrollment group is elementary (38.07%). College enrollment is 26.83%, which is on par with the state rate (28.70%), meaning the community mirrors broader higher-education participation.
Explore More: Educational Attainment Health Insurance Poverty Over Time School Enrollment
| Less than 9th grade: | 468 | 1.39% |
| 9th to 12th grade, no diploma: | 938 | 2.78% |
| High school graduate (includes equivalency): | 6,333 | 18.79% |
| Some college, no degree: | 6,180 | 18.34% |
| Associate's degree: | 2,993 | 8.88% |
| Bachelor's degree: | 9,236 | 27.40% |
| Graduate or professional degree: | 7,556 | 22.42% |
| Total: | 33,704 | 100% |
| High school or higher: | 32,298 | 95.83% |
| Bachelor's degree or higher: | 16,792 | 49.82% |
| Private Insurance: | 35,583 | 64.26% |
| Public Insurance: | 18,255 | 32.97% |
| No Insurance: | 1,537 | 2.78% |
| Total: | 55,375 | 100% |
| Has Health Insurance: | 53,838 | 97.22% |
| Group | 2011 | 2102 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of People in Poverty | 3.5% | 5.1% | 4.5% | 5.4% | 5.9% | 5.7% | 6.3% | 6.4% | 5.1% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 4.0% | 4.3% |
Note: Counts of Families & People in poverty are not published at the ZIP Code level due to small sample sizes. Percentages shown are survey estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS). They may differ from official poverty statistics. The U.S. Census Bureau defines poverty status by comparing a family's or individual's total income with federal poverty thresholds that vary by family size and composition.
| Nursery School, Preschool: | 636 | 6.80% |
| Kindergarten: | 570 | 6.10% |
| Elementary school (grades 1-8): | 3,559 | 38.07% |
| High school (grades 9-12): | 2,075 | 22.20% |
| College or graduate school: | 2,508 | 26.83% |
| Total: | 9,348 | 100% |
| Early Childhood: | 1,206 | 12.90% |
| K-12 (Primary & Secondary School): | 6,204 | 66.37% |
ZIP Code 23188 supports both business and residential activity. According to the Business Census (2023), there are 1,274 business establishments, employing about 16,575 people with an annual payroll of $766,370,000. USPS data shows 21,975 residential mailboxes and 1,390 business mailboxes, reflecting local delivery coverage.
| # Residential Mailboxes: | 21,975Source: USPS |
| # Business Mailboxes: | 1,390Source: USPS |
| Total Delivery Receptacles: | 23,447Source: USPS |
| Single Family Delivery Units: | 14,226Source: USPS |
| Multi Family Delivery Units: | 2,278Source: USPS |
| # of Businesses: | 1,274Source: CBP |
| 1st Quarter Payroll: | $183,841,000Source: CBP |
| Annual Payroll: | $766,370,000Source: CBP |
| # of Employees: | 16,575Source: CBP |
ZIP Code 23188 is located in James City County, Virginia, within the Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area (CBSA 47260) and Virginia's 1st Congressional District. This Metro area has a population of 1,782,590 people, about 2.55% of whom live in ZIP Code 23188. It covers 97.259 sq mi of land and a water area of 16.359 sq mi.
| CBSA Name: | Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NCSource: Census |
| CBSA Number: | 47260Source: Census |
| CBSA Type: | MetroSource: Census |
| CBSA Division: | --Source: Census |
| CBSA Population: | 1,782,590Source: Census |
| MSA: | Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NCSource: Census |
| Land Area: | 97.259 sq miSource: Census |
| Water Area: | 16.359 sq miSource: Census |
| Congressional District: | 01Source: USPS |
| Congressional Land Area: | 3684.32 sq miSource: Census |
| PMSA: | --Source: Census |
| Intro Date: | < 2004-10Source: ZIP-Codes.com |
| Place FIPS Code: | 5186160Source: Census |
| Place Name: | Williamsburg city; VirginiaSource: Census |
ZIP Code 23188 is part of 2 school districts, including: Williamsburg City Public Schools (Grades PK thru 12) and York County Public Schools (Grades Pre-Kindergarten thru 12th). There are 10 public schools and 2 private school(s) in this ZIP Code. It also has 6 colleges, universities or post secondary education institutions nearby which would be a short commute to.
Our sources include trusted federal and licensed data from the United States Postal Service, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Geological Survey, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the National Center for Education Statistics, along with proprietary datasets created by ZIP-Codes.com. Data last updated on October 1, 2025.